Tag: llm

All the articles with the tag "llm".

llm-security
15 Jul, 2026 8 min read

Insecure Output Handling

Why model output must be treated as untrusted input, how it becomes XSS, SSRF, and code execution downstream, and the encoding and validation that contain it.
llm-security
8 Jul, 2026 7 min read

Prompt Injection: The XSS of LLMs

How prompt injection subverts large language models through direct and indirect input, why it has no clean fix, and the layered defenses that contain it.
llm-security
1 Jul, 2026 9 min read

The OWASP Top 10 for LLMs: A Field Guide

A field guide to the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications, the ten vulnerability categories that define modern AI application security.
llm-concepts
1 Jun, 2026 8 min read

Personal AI Infrastructure: The Climb From Chatbot to Assistant

Most AI tools today are chatbots in a costume. The real ladder has three tiers, and 2026 finally made the top one buildable at home.
ai
21 Apr, 2026 8 min read

Context Windows: Why Your AI Has a Working Memory Limit

Context windows are not memory. They are working memory. Here is what the model can see right now, why extending that limit is hard, and what it costs to try.
ai
20 Apr, 2026 9 min read

Positional Encoding and Sampling: How the Transformer Finds Position and Picks Its Next Word

Attention cannot tell 'the dog bit the man' from 'the man bit the dog.' Positional encoding fixes that. Then sampling decides what word the model actually says.
ai
20 Apr, 2026 7 min read

Tokens and Embeddings: How Raw Text Becomes Numbers the Model Can Use

Before the transformer can do anything, it must turn your prompt into numbers. Here is exactly how that works, from raw characters to dense vectors.
ai
20 Apr, 2026 6 min read

The Transformer: How Attention Solved the Problem Everything Else Could Not

In 2017, eight researchers replaced the entire approach to language modeling with a single idea: let every word attend to every other word directly.
ai
19 Apr, 2026 7 min read

Before the Transformer: A Short History of Machines That Read

Why did the transformer matter so much that we measure AI in 'before' and 'after' it? A short history of every approach that tried and hit a wall first.